Determining fair values of performance‐vested and forfeiture‐embedded employee stock options

This study provides a new approach to determine the fair value of ESOs by extending the performance‐vested option pricing model. The model developed in this study takes both vesting period and forfeiture rate into consideration to capture characteristics of ESOs. Empirical and sensitivity analyses give evidence for the importance of these two elements. Empirical results also support that the derived model can be employed to increase the accuracy of ESOs’ fair value.     

公允价值会计的反思

公允价值与历史成本之间的孰优孰劣一直就伴随着争议。我们不应该忽视公允价值固有的内涵缺陷及其与财务会计概念框架的冲突,以及在金融危机中的顺周期效应。文章将从会计决策有用目标和会计信息质量以及准则的经济后果角度重新反思公允价值会计。     

LACK OF RIGOUR IN DEFENDING FAIRTRADE: A REPLY TO ALASTAIR SMITH

Alastair Smith (2009 ) claims to refute a few criticisms of Fairtrade. It is shown that his empirical evidence consists of anecdotes with no statistical or other evidential value, and that his economics is wrong. Though Fairtrade is an agricultural marketing system, he appears not to be aware of the literature on agricultural marketing or co‐operatives. Accordingly he makes statements not in accord with the accepted theory or evidence. He assumes, for instance, backward‐sloping supply curves and that the prices offered by state marketing boards are not affected by markets. There are ethical trading alternatives which avoid all the criticisms of Fairtrade.     

国外电子商务税收问题的研究综述

伴随着互联网络的发展以及经济全球化的进程，电子商务近年来发展极为迅猛，在为人类社会带来深刻变革的同时，也对各国税收制度带来极大挑战。本文探讨了电子商务的各种特征，分析了电子商务对税收的影响因素，并结合国外知名公司的真实案例，研究了国外针对电子商务的各种税收政策。希望对我国制定符合国情的电子商务税收制度方面提供参考和借鉴。     

Regulation and taxation: A complementarity

I show how quantity regulation can lower elasticities and thereby increase optimal tax rates. Such regulation imposes regulatory incentives for particular choice quantities. Their strength varies between zero (laissez faire) and infinite (command economy). In the latter case, regulation effectively eliminates any intensive behavioral responses to taxes; a previously distortionary tax becomes a lump sum. For intermediate regulation (where some deviation is feasible), intensive behavioral responses are still weaker than under zero regulation, and so quantity regulation reduces elasticities, thereby facilitating subsequent taxation. I apply this mechanism to labor supply and present correlational evidence for this complementarity: hours worked in high-regulation countries are compressed, and these countries tax labor at higher rates.     

税务行政程序证据规则研究

税务行政程序不应建立严格证据排除规则,以侵权或违背程序正义方式取得的非法证据应当排除。税务行政程序证明责任主要由税务机关承担,税务机关依职权调查案件事实和收集证据。行政相对人承担部分证明责任,有提供证据的权利和责任。税务行政程序应采用职能分离规则和案卷排他性原则。     

工资税盾、替代效应与资本结构

基于中国计税工资限额扣除标准提高的外生性事件,本文从工资薪金提供的“非债务税盾”角度,探索性地研究工资税盾与资本结构的关系。结果表明,计税工资限额扣除标准提高后,与未接近“税收耗损状态”公司相比,接近“税收耗损状态”公司更为显著地降低了债务水平,该发现符合“非债务税盾”与资本结构之间存在“替代效应”的理论预期,也验证了“税收耗损状态”假说。进一步研究表明:未接近和接近“税收耗损状态”两类公司的差异主要反映在长期债务上,而在短期债务上并不明显;与国有企业相比,两类公司的差异在非国有企业中更为明显;另外,与税收征管力度较弱地区相比,征管力度较强地区两类公司间的差异更为明显。本文的研究成果不仅提供了“非债务税盾”形式的新证据,还发现产权性质和税收征管环境等也是影响非债务税盾与资本结构之间关系的重要因素。     

中国直接税与间接税比重变化趋势研究

直接税与间接税的比重,是税制结构研究的主要问题之一。本文通过对相关资料的整理和分析,概要描述了中国若干重要历史时期特别是新中国成立60年来历次重大税制改革以后直接税与间接税比重变化的轨迹,并探讨了上述比重变化的趋势和进一步合理调整上述比重的途径。     

质疑国际财务报告准则的先进性

本文基于经济学和法学的规范研究范式提出了两个悖论,首次全面地揭示了国际财务报告准则在具体规则和理论框架上所存在的双重缺陷。文章认为,国际财务报告准则反映了证券行业试图统一上市公司信息披露规则的迫切意愿,它最终体现的是证券行业的利益。为建立良好的法制市场和稳定的会计制度,我国研究者必须探索出体现本土价值观的会计理论。按照依法记账的原则建立稳定合理的企业会计法规体系,是完善市场法制、规范经济秩序的重要基础。